2019年广西临桂微下击暴流和广东湛江龙卷现场灾情调查对比分析     

蔡康龙  俞小鼎  李彩玲  黄先香  炎利军  何秋蕊  麦文强  陈志芳 《气象》2021,(2):230-241

2019年3月21日21:13广西桂林市临桂区国家气象观测站测得60.3 m·s^-1的瞬时极大风速,2019年4月13日14:11广东湛江市徐闻县下属和安镇镇政府自动气象站测得50.7 m·s^-1的瞬时极大风速,两地均出现比较明显的风灾。通过分析监控视频、无人机航拍资料、现场勘察和走访目击者,获得如下结论:21:09—21:14临桂国家气象观测站及周边区域的风灾过程是一次EF2级微下击暴流,时间尺度大于6 min,空间尺度约为1.6 km×2.0 km,属于α小尺度(400~4000 m)微下击暴流,其中包含7个β小尺度(40~400 m)微下击暴流;灾害现场呈现出受灾区域的纵横比小、灾情不连续和树木倒向有明显辐散的特征。14:09—14:15广东湛江徐闻的风灾过程是一次EF3级的强龙卷,持续时间约为7 min,龙卷路径长约为3.2km,宽约为30~280 m,监控视频显示在龙卷发生地附近出现了持续时间极短的旋转性大风。相对于临桂微下击暴流,龙卷灾害现场具有风灾破坏带纵横比大、灾情连续和多处树木倒向呈现辐合的特征。  相似文献   

FunnelCloud: a cloud-based system for exploring tornado events     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(10):1030-1054

ABSTRACT

Recent research has shown an increase in the number of extreme tornado outbreaks per year. The characterization of the spatio-temporal pattern of tornado events is therefore a critical task in the analysis of meteorological data. Currently, there are a large number of available meteorological datasets that can be used for such analysis. However, much of these data are distributed across multiple websites and are not accessible in a central location. This poses a significant challenge for a scientist who is interested in exploring meteorological patterns associated with tornado events. This paper presents a novel system which uses cloud-based technology for integrating, storing, exploring, analyzing, and visualizing meteorological data associated with tornado outbreaks. The system employs a novel NoSQL database schema and web services architecture for data integration and provides a user friendly interface that allows scientists to explore the spatio-temporal pattern of tornado events. Furthermore, scientists can use this interface to analyze the relationship between different meteorological variables and properties of tornado outbreaks using a number of spatio-temporal statistical and data mining methods. The efficacy of the system is demonstrated on a use case centered on the analysis of climatic indicators of large spatio-temporally clustered tornado outbreaks.  相似文献   

华南热带气旋特大暴雨的统计特征   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

毛夏  贺忠  毛绍荣 《热带气象学报》1996,12(1):78-84

根据珠江三角洲１９７６－１９８３年３－５月逐日天气资料和广州０８时探空资料，采用对比度分析方法，研究了本地区春季龙卷发生的环境条件，并与非龙卷局地强风暴发生的环境条件作了比较，结果表明，龙卷发生的有利环境条件对流层深层气层中气压低风速大、层结不稳定、低层高温高湿和中下层位势不稳定，定性上与局地强风暴的条件基本相同，其中对流层深厚气层中更强的强的低压辐合、更不稳定的层结和更大的水平动量是局地强风暴进  相似文献   

2017年北京北部一次罕见强弓状飑线过程演变和机理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

罗琪  郑永光  陈敏 《气象学报》2019,77(3):371-386

2017年7月7日下午至午夜,河北西北部和北京中北部发生了一次罕见的最大瞬时风力将近12级并伴有大冰雹的强弓状飑线过程,其触发、演变和维持机制等具有较高研究价值。综合多种观测资料和NCEP分析资料,利用“配料法”分析了该次飑线过程的环境条件、触发、演变、风暴结构和弓形回波的形成与维持机制。飑线发生在500 hPa冷涡西南部的前倾槽和低空急流形势下;超过2000 J/kg的对流有效位能（CAPE）、强0—6 km和0—3 km风垂直切变为弓状飑线及其相关超级单体的生成和维持、大冰雹和地面强风的形成提供了有利条件;较低的湿球温度0℃层（~3.8 km）是有利于大冰雹形成的融化层高度;对流层中层高达30℃温度露点差与大的垂直减温率造成环境大气具有强的下沉对流有效位能（DCAPE）,利于弓形回波和地面大风的形成。初始对流形成于西北风和西南偏西风之间的地面辐合线附近。地面大风和冰雹主要分布于低黑体亮温（TBB）和以正闪为主的闪电活跃处。雷达回波显示飑线先由线状对流系统发展成为团状超级单体对流系统,最后演变成弓状飑线。超级单体阶段和飑线阶段都有明显的回波悬垂、弱回波区、中气旋（飑线成熟后期为中涡旋）、强后侧入流及其伴随的入流缺口等;对流层中层急流和大的温度露点差是形成强下沉气流并发展出弓状特征的主要原因;大的对流有效位能和下沉对流有效位能以及强风垂直切变是飑线维持的原因。   相似文献   

台风“艾云尼”（2018）外围两次近距离龙卷的环境条件和雷达特征          下载免费PDF全文

李彩玲  吴乃庚  王硕甫  蔡康龙  李兆明 《热带气象学报》2019,35(4):446-457

2018年6月8日在距台风“艾云尼”中心80 km、160 km的广州市南沙区横沥镇、佛山市南海区大沥镇两地罕见地先后出现了龙卷天气。利用X波段双偏振雷达组网、广州S波段双偏振雷达、风廓线雷达和区域加密自动站等观测资料对两次近距离台风龙卷过程的环境条件和雷达特征进行了分析。环境条件分析表明,两次龙卷发生地位于低层西南急流和东南急流辐合区,所处环境为弱的对流有效位能（CAPE）、低的抬升凝结高度和强的低层垂直风切变环境中,0~1 km垂直风切变值超过15×10-3 s-1。中小尺度雷达特征分析表明:（1）两地龙卷由台风外围微型超级单体引起,超级单体在发展强盛阶段有钩状回波、入流缺口、中层回波悬垂等典型特征,最强反射率因子55~60 dBz,强度≥50 dBz强回波发展高度在4 km以下,微型超级单体有水平尺度2~3 km的中气旋,由于速度模糊影响,仅在南海龙卷发生前9 min广州S波段雷达能自动识别中气旋。（2）与南沙龙卷相联系的中气旋核心高度低,强度进一步加强紧缩导致龙卷发生;而与南海龙卷相联系的中气旋从中层发展,中气旋加强紧缩下降到更低导致龙卷发生。（3）两地弱龙卷发生时广州和南海双偏振雷达没能捕捉到龙卷碎片（TDS）特征,南海X波段雷达能提前30 min监测到入流急流,提前27 min探测出钩状回波等特征,并通过分析ZDR弧和KDP弧可判断低层强盛的上升气流和强的垂直风切变利于风暴的发展。（4）佛山四部X波段组网雷达反演的1 km水平风场可分析出小尺度涡旋结构,对应钩状回波尾端有强的风向切变,这对龙卷发生地点的判断和风暴的流场结构有较好指示意义。   相似文献   

1804号台风“艾云尼”龙卷分析   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

黄先香  俞小鼎  炎利军  王硕甫  李兆明 《气象学报》2019,77(4):645-661

2018年6月8日,在1804号台风“艾云尼”螺旋雨带中发生了两次陆龙卷天气,分别袭击了广州市南沙区横沥镇和佛山市南海区大沥镇。利用广州CINRAD/SA多普勒天气雷达、佛山CINRAD/XD多普勒天气雷达、5 min间隔的地面自动气象站和MICAPS等资料,研究了两次陆龙卷的天气背景、环境参数和龙卷风暴中尺度结构特征。结果表明:广州南沙龙卷为台风环流外围龙卷,位于台风中心的东北象限,强度为EF3级;佛山南海龙卷为台风环流内部龙卷,位于台风中心的东侧,强度为EF1级。龙卷均发生在中低空强东南急流在珠江口附近上下叠加和高层辐散的有利大尺度环流背景下。环境条件表现为较强的低层风垂直切变和较大的风暴相对螺旋度（SRH）、较小的对流有效位能（CAPE）和对流抑制能量（CIN）、极低的抬升凝结高度（LCL）;地面存在中尺度辐合线和小尺度涡旋。广州S波段雷达探测到两次龙卷母风暴的低层钩状回波和入流缺口回波特征及低层中等强度中气旋,龙卷出现在钩状回波顶端、中气旋中心附近。佛山X波段双偏振雷达清晰地探测到佛山南海区大沥龙卷的微型超级单体和龙卷碎片特征（TDS）。   相似文献   

强雹暴的雷达三体散射统计与个例分析   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

廖玉芳  俞小鼎  吴林林  何彩芬  尹忠海 《高原气象》2007,26(4):812-820

利用我国各地11次强对流事件中23个产生S波段雷达三体散射的雹暴的新一代天气雷达数据,总计499个三体散射样本资料,综合并详细地讨论了我国S波段多普勒天气雷达三体散射的统计特征,也讨论了将这一现象应用于强冰雹辅助预警的可能性。同时对目前国内S波段雷达所观测到的最典型的三体散射个例从"三体散射回波"出现到消失的全过程进行了仔细分析,结果表明:(1)在最小反射率因子显示阈值为-5 dBz的情况下,产生S波段雷达三体散射的最小反射率因子在60 dBz左右,86%的三体散射长钉(TBSS)出现在反射率因子强度≥63 dBz时;(2)TBSS长度与强反射率因子核心区面积大小及反射率因子核最大强度呈密切的正相关,也就是说,反射率因子核心强度越大,高反射率因子的区域越大,TBSS的长度就越长;(3)TBSS出现的最大高度为12.5 km,最低高度是1.1 km;61%的TBSS出现在3~6 km高度之间,TBSS在4~5 km高度出现次数最多,然后向上、向下减少;TBSS长度≥10 km的出现次数同样以4~5 km高度最多,然后向上、向下迅速减少;(4)TBSS主要在雹暴位于雷达的西半边时出现;(5)雹暴云在不同性质的下垫面上空均能产生雷达TBSS;(6)TBSS的持续时间几乎都超过30 min,其中持续时间在30~60 min的情况居多,还有部分TBSS持续时间超过90 min;(7)在出现TBSS时,几乎所有雹暴都降了2 cm以上的强冰雹,同时80%左右的产生2 cm以上直径冰雹的强雹暴都产生了三体散射,因此TBSS可以作为强冰雹的一辅助预警指标,以有效降低强冰雹预警的虚警率;(8)在产生三体散射的23个强雹暴中,有一半以上是超级单体和准超级单体风暴,超级单体雹暴中的中气旋有利于大冰雹的形成。  相似文献   

Automatic identification of mesocyclones and significant wind structures in Doppler radar images     

Fermín Elizaga  Sara Conejo  Francisco Martín 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):405-414

The main objective of this work is to present the first version of the automatic mesocyclone detection algorithm for the Spanish weather Doppler radar, which has been developed during the last year at the Spanish Meteorological Service (INM). Taking into account that mesocyclones and other significant wind structures can be readily detected by single Doppler radar, the algorithm is based on the NSSL-MDA (The National Severe Storms Laboratory Mesoscale Detection Algorithm) approximation. It is specifically designed to automatically detect and identify radial velocity patterns associated with small-scale vortices and others wind structures. The different steps in the algorithm will be discussed and the application to a real situation will be presented. During 2004, the algorithm has been tested in an experimental phase, trying to adjust the needed parameters and thresholds. The plan for the future is to implement it within the operational procedure to automatically identify, analyse, diagnose, track and extrapolate convective structures and cells in radar data, improving the ability of the forecasters to provide timely warning of hazardous convective events.  相似文献   

A multiscale observational case study of an isolated tornadic supercell     

Dario B. Giaiotti  Fulvio Stel   《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):152-161

This work deals with the analysis of an isolated tornadic supercell thunderstorm that took place on the plain of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy) causing several damage. The analysis is performed using different kind of data, looking in the available information for possible signatures that could be helpful in the forecasting and nowcasting procedures. The analysis reveals that rather than a single cause for the tornadic storm development, there is an “interaction” of several effects. In particular, a favorable environment seems to be produced by the interplay between synoptic and mesoscale environments with a fundamental role played by orography. Radar data, in particular Doppler measurements, are fundamental to the recognition and interpretation of the events but in this particular case they could give little useful information for the forecasting and nowcasting procedures. The most robust signals of an environment prone to the onset of severe deep moist convection come from the thermal gradients at the ground and by the vertical profile analysis. The reason why the event took place in that specific place and not in others is still unknown.  相似文献   

Lightning evolution related to radar-derived microphysics in the 21 July 1998 EULINOX supercell storm     

Nikolai Dotzek  Hartmut Hller  Claire Thry  Thorsten Fehr 《Atmospheric Research》2001,56(1-4)

Results of a combined analysis of data from a C-band polarimetric Doppler radar and a 3D VHF interferometric lightning mapping system, as obtained during the European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides project (EULINOX) field campaign, are presented. For 21 July 1998, the lightning data from a supercell thunderstorm weakly indicate a tendency for a bi-level vertical distribution of lightning VHF emissions around the −15°C and −30°C temperature levels. Also, in some parts of the clouds, evidence is found for the presence of a lower positive charge center near the freezing level. However, where strong vertical motions prevail, VHF emissions are not organized in horizontal layers but in oblique or vertical regions. Correlation of VHF signals with radar quantities shows that in the growing storm, peak VHF activity is low and related to reflectivity factors around 30 dBZ, while after the mature stage, the peak VHF activity is about three times larger. The highest density of VHF signals is now found near reflectivity factors of 45 dBZ. A polarimetric hydrometeor classification indicates that during storm development, most lightning activity occurs where graupel and, secondarily, snow and small dry hail are present. In the decaying phase of the supercell hailstorm, however, most lightning VHF emissions stem from the region with hail and heavy rain. Furthermore, while the VHF signal frequency per cubic kilometer in the graupel and rain regions remains nearly constant throughout the supercell life cycle, the signal frequency in the hail region rises during storm decay.  相似文献